Theories on gender bias argue that women in academia benefit less from their academic achievements than men do; women, as a result, show lower rates of success in becoming tenured professors. 

The paper argues for the salience of more detailed empirical investigations into the work of funding bodies as they navigate tensions encountered by researchers.

Good intentions are not enough to bring about change; nor are simple tallies, training programmes or unwarranted rosy views. Change requires sustained investment, appropriate incentives and evidence-backed interventions.

While the planetary boundary framework provides one way of understanding biodiversity or biosphere integrity loss, there are many other measures of biodiversity loss — and all point toward the fact that we are continuing to dangerously destabilize life on Earth.

This paper analyses the interrelations between academic disciplines and society beyond academia by the case of sociology in Norway. 

COVID-19 researchers have embraced the platform. For many others, tweeting has yet to translate into professional rewards.

This paper presents several suggestions for future measurement of the interdisciplinarity of research. 

Despite longstanding discussions and consequent improvements of gender representation in academia, the number of women working in academic research, their performance and their recognition still indicate the persistence of gender inequalities.

This study found that the average age of scientists at the time of the breakthrough was higher for researchers from less developed countries. Moreover, individual opportunities in the world were extremely unequal by country of birth, gender significantly conditioned any participation in research, and the probability of becoming a top researcher more than doubled for individuals with parents belonging to the most favoured occupational categories. 

This article explores how factors relating to grades and grading affect the correctness of choices that grant-review panels make among submitted proposals. It seeks to identify interventions in panel design that may be expected to increase the correctness of choices.

It remains unclear how tropical cyclones (TCs) decay from their ocean lifetime maximum intensity (LMI) to landfall intensity (LI), yet this stage is of fundamental importance governing the socio-economic impact of TCs. 

The history of the scientific enterprise demonstrates that it has supported gender, identity, and racial inequity. To reverse this situation, the scientific community must reexamine its values and then collectively embark upon a moonshot-level new agenda for equity.

Apart from economic, political, and cultural cooperation for an equal growth of all developing countries, science and technology are an integral significant component in these levels of engagement for leveraging mutual gains. The current pandemic not only brought about an 1800 shift in the relationship between the government, policy makers, and the scientific community but highlights the importance of South–South Cooperation (SSC).

Although citations are widely used to measure the influence of scientific works, research shows that many citations serve rhetorical functions and reflect little-to-no influence on the citing authors.

COVID-19 presents a opportunity to transform democratic engagement in the governance of global public goods. To make us more resistant and resilient to future global health crises we need transformative thinking to democratically engage global citizens. 

Urban beekeeping is booming, heightening awareness of pollinator importance but also raising concerns that its fast growth might exceed existing resources and negatively impact urban biodiversity. To evaluate the magnitude of urban beekeeping growth and its sustainability, we analysed data on beehives and available resources in 14 Swiss cities in 2012-2018 and modelled the sustainability of urban beekeeping under different scenarios of available floral resources and existing carrying capacities. We found large increases in hives numbers across all cities from an average 6.48 hives per km2 (3139 hives in total) in 2012 to an average 10.14 hives per km2 (9370 in total) in 2018 and observed that available resources are insufficient to maintain present densities of beehives, which currently are unsustainable.

A healthcare center widely sharing its internal guidelines on how to treat COVID-19 patients "just wasn't done." As the pandemic raged at a Boston hospital, the next generation of clinical leaders pushed for change.

How are scientists supposed to convey timely warnings and inform policymaking? What lessons have we learned at bridging the enduring gulf between environmental science and policymaking?

The findings of this study indicate that geographical biases affect public perception of research and influence the results of grant competitions.

Are grant evaluations gender-biased - and if so, how can they be corrected while staying within a framework of merit-based review?

R&I Foreign interference occurs when activities are carried out by, or on behalf of, a foreign state-level actor, which are coercive, covert, deceptive, or corrupting and are contrary to the sovereignty, values, and interests of the European Union (EU). EU Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) and Research Performing Organisations (RPOs) can benefit from a comprehensive strategy for tackling foreign interference that covers key areas of attention grouped into the following four categories: values, governance, partnerships and cybersecurity. This document contains a nonexhaustive list of possible mitigation measures that can help HEIs and RPOs to develop a comprehensive strategy, tailored to their needs.

The Earth BioGenome Project (EBP) is an audacious endeavor to obtain whole-genome sequences of representatives from all eukaryotic species on Earth. In addition to the project's technical and organizational challenges, it also faces complicated ethical, legal, and social issues. This paper, from members of the EBP's Ethical, Legal, and Social Issues (ELSI) Committee, catalogs these ELSI concerns arising from EBP. These include legal issues, such as sample collection and permitting; the applicability of international treaties, such as the Convention on Biological Diversity and the Nagoya Protocol; intellectual property; sample accessioning; and biosecurity and ethical issues, such as sampling from the territories of Indigenous peoples and local communities, the protection of endangered species, and cross-border collections, among several others. We also comment on the intersection of digital sequence information and data rights. More broadly, this list of ethical, legal, and social issues for large-scale genomic sequencing projects may be useful in the consideration of ethical frameworks for future projects. While we do not-and cannot-provide simple, overarching solutions for all the issues raised here, we conclude our perspective by beginning to chart a path forward for EBP's work. There are no data underlying this work.

What makes a climate story effective? Narrating intentional, rather than unintentional, pro-environmental action can enhance readers' climate policy support and intentions to perform pro-environmental action.

Science, technology and innovation (STI) policy is shaped by persistent framings that arise from historical context. 

Current programme evaluations do not adequately measure the skills and characteristics of individuals and collectives doing transdisciplinary research.

In-person undergraduate research experiences (UREs) promote students' integration into careers in life science research. In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic prompted institutions hosting summer URE programs to offer them remotely, raising questions about whether undergraduates who participate in remote research can experience scientific integration.

Review, promotion, and tenure (RPT) processes at universities typically assess candidates along three dimensions: research, teaching, and service. In recent years, some have argued for the inclusion of a controversial fourth criterion: collegiality.

This paper examines mentorship as a mechanism for individuals to acquire and develop creativity. More specifically, we study the effect of mentor crea…

In this article, we provide a toolbox of recommendations and resources for those aspiring to promote the uptake of open scientific practices.

Who can participate in Open Science and whose interests are served? Open Science in principle holds the potential to reduce inequality, but this is not going to happen unless it operates within a consistent framework and environment that supports this goal.